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2 Sheets- Sheet 1.

Patented-Mar.27,1883.

(No Model.)

R S.. W. DOUGLASS.

EXPANSION ROTARY DRILL. IAT-0.274340.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

S.`W. DoUGLAss. EXPANSION ROTARY DRILL.

No. 274.740. Patented Mar. 27,188.3.

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UNITED STATES PATENT Ormea.

SAMUEL W. DOUGLASS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICANDIAMONDBDCK BORING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

EXPANSION ROTARY DRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 274,740, dated March1883.

Application tiled December 2, 1882.

To all whom it may concern.-

' Be it known that I, SAMUEL W. DoUGLAss, ofthe city of New York, countyand State of New York, have invented a new and useful "Improvement inExpansion Rotary Drills, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, inwhich like letters indicate like parts. p

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the expansion drill, showing l thecutting-bars extended. Fig. 2 is the same with the cuttingbarsretracted. Fig. 3 is across-section through which water is forced tokeep the drill clear;

but l do not limlt myself to such drills, as my invention can, also beused on any rotary expansion-drill. It frequently happens that it isdesirable to enlarge the hole cut by the apparatus at some particularplace below the l surface, and this invention affords a means for sodoing superior, as I believe, to any heretofore known.

In the following description I will assume `that the boring apparatus isin a vertical position.

A is the lowermost portion of my expansiondrill, and it is a metallichead, preferably steel,

of the shape shown iuvertical section in Figs.

lb and 2 and in cross-section in Fig. 5 5 but at its upper part, at 1,it is cylindrical, and it may be cylindrical throughout, if preferred.

B is a coupling, also cylindrical, and of the same external diameter asA.

C is the uppermost section of my expansiondrill, and its lower partserves as a portion of the cylinder for the piston H, as hereinafter setforth. The section O is cylindrical, and of the saine external diameteras both the coupling B and the head A. The couplingB is preferablyconnected With the section O by screwthreads 2, and with the head A byscrewthreads 3 5 but, if preferred, it may be made in one piece witheither of the other pieces. These three parts A, B, and G constitute the(No model.)

case of my improved drill, or that which, in the claims, I call thedrilL t D and D' are an extension of the piston-rod proper, and D hasupon the whole or part of it heavy screw-threads, by which itisconnected with the drill-rod. The drill-rod is not shown.

E is the piston-rod proper, which passes through the cylinder-head Gr,and has the piston H fastened to it. t f Y v F is a circular piece ofmetal, square at top and bottom, and it fits tightly into the upper endof the section C, and is keyed to it by the keys N, which enter half andhalf into the msection O and into this circular piece of metal,

thereby preventing the same from turning in the section O. There is asquare hole through this piece F, through which passes the squaresection of the extended piston rod, (shown at D.)

G is a cylindrical piece of metal, which is rigidly fastened in thesection O by the screwthreads 5, and it serves as the head for thepiston-cylinder'. The threads 5 are cut on an inwardly-projectingcircumferential portion of the section O, (shown at O.) Through thecylinder-head Gr the piston E works, as before stated,and it is providedwith the usual packing-box used in such cases, (seen at 6.)

H is the piston, which is firmly attached to the piston-rod E, and it isprovided, if desired, with the usual packing, 7.

I is a at ring, of metal, rigidly fastened to the piston-rod D at thetop of the square portion D' thereof, and its diameter is not greaterthan the outside diameter of the section O. It has recesses on its underside forthe accommodation of the heads Aof the keys N, if they haveheads.

J are strong pivoted cutting-bars, made of steel. They are preferablyfour in number, and square in shape, except at the lower end, and arepivoted at or near their lower ends to the headA by the pins L. Theshape of the head A, for the accommodation and convenient insertion ofthese bars and pins, is best seen in seotionin Fig. 5. Thesecutting-bars are armed with diamonds on their outer face, as usual, orother cutting devices, if desired, and they lie in recesses cutfor themwithin the head A, (seen atS.) These recesses are of suicient size rO-Mand conform to the shape ot' these bars, so that the bars can becompletely retracted within them.

K are toggle-arms, which are pivoted at one end to the upper end of thecutting-bars by the pins m, and at their other end to the piston-rod Ebythe pins n. A portion ofthe head A is cutaway, as at 9, to allow oi' theswinging of these toggle-arms, and they are so piv: oted to thepiston-rod that when the cuttingbars are projected the toggle-arms shallliesubstantially at right angles to the piston-rod. The piston-rod isalso cut away, as at 9', to allow the toggle-arms to swing in it. Thepiston-l rod may be made in two sections, as shown in the drawings-one(the lower one) shown by E, and the other (the upper one) shown byD Dand they are connected and made one conti nuous rod by the screw-threads10. For the purpose of supporting, guiding, and giving greater strengthto the piston-rod, the lower portion of E, as seen at 1l, works into arecess made for itin the head A, and this portionll may be either roundor square, prelerably square, the recess in which it enters being madeto correspond, for it then aids in turning the drill,'as hereinaftersetforth. The pistonrod E is cut away in triangulanshaped spaces, (seenat 12,) to allow the pins n to be easily put in place and fastened.

Around the lower end ofthe cutting-bars a' water channel or passage-way(seen at 13) is cut out of the head A. Through this channel or passagethe water can pass; audit can also pass between the cutting-bars and thewalls ot' the recesses, in which they work. Through the extendedpistonfrod D D', and also through that portion of it marked E, which isabove the piston H, a water-passage is out, (shown at 14 and clearlyseen in Fig. 3.) Just at the upper side of the'piston Hthiswater-passage divides into a number of smaller passages, (seen at 15.)These may, as shown, run at right angles to the passage 14, and theydischargejust above the piston H and between it and the head G; and inorder that there may be a space between the piston and the head, so thatthe water may have an opportunity to eX- ert its force, I extend theinwardly-projecting circumferential portion of the section (seen at O)somewhat below the under side of the cylinder-head G, which thuspresents a shoulder, O', against which the piston brings up and cannotgo any farther; and the adjustment ot'.

vthe parts should be such that the piston will not strike this shoulderuntil the cuttiug-arms vJ have beenrfully retracted and the diamonds ontheir outer faces are flush with the periphery ofthe drill-head A. It'preferred, the toggle-arms K of the cutting-bars J may be so adjustedthat they will bring up against some obstruction, and thus hold theApiston lfrom coming too near the stationary head G; or a stop may be putat any desired part of the apparatus to effect this end. The portion ofthe section C which is -below the stationary head G is nicely turned outand ts the piston H, which works in it. The coupling B has slots orwater-ways cut out from its inner periphery at the end oi' thepiston-stroke, (seen at 16,) thus practically enlarging the internaldiameter of the piston-cylinder, so that there will be a passage-way forwater around the piston when it is at or near the end of its stroke. Thedrill-rod, which, as before stated, is screwed to the piston-rod by thethreads on the portion D thereof, is provided with a continuouswater-way through it, connected with the forcepump, through which thewater is forced.

Having thus described my apparatus, I will now describe its method ofoperation.

Assuming that the hole to be acted upon is avertical or practicallylvertical one, my improved drill is fastened to the end ot' the'drillrodby the threads on D, and is then passed into the hole till the drilllies at the upper part of the portion to be enlarged. Duringthisinserton of the drill no water should be forcedthrough the rod, andthe weight of the head A, the coupling B, and section C causes theseveral parts of the apparatus to assume the position shown in Fig. 2,thus retracting the arms and allowing the apparatus to be easilyintroduced into the hole. When, as before stated, the drill has reachedthe part of the hole to be enlarged, the drill-rod is caused to revolve,which, acting through the square portion D ofthe piston-rod and thepiece F, which is keyed by the keys N to the section C, causes the drillto revolve also, and at the same time the water is forced through thewater-way in the drill-rod, as usual, and it passes in the water-way 14through D and D', and then,enteringthe upper end of E, it passes throughit and out at the smaller passages, 15,

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and into the space between the piston-head G and the piston H. Hereitcan go not'ar'ther until,

by the continued action of the pump or head of water, as the case maybe,sufficient force is obtained to drive the cylinder-head G upward, whichtakes the drill with it, and as this takes place the piston-rod E,actingthrough the toggle-armsK,forces thecutting-barsJ outwardly, as seen inFig. 1, and the diamonds or other cutters on them, coming in contactwith the substance to be removed, cut it away. The water presses'thepiston-head vG upward until the water-ways (seen at 16) come oppositethe piston, and when this takes place the water can escape around thepiston through these waterways 5 and further movement of the pistonthrough the drill is stopped by the end ofthe piston E (seen at 11)reaching the bottom ot' its recess, or by some other suitable stopapplied to any suitable portion ot' the apparatus. The water now passesthrough the lower part of the coupling B and through the spaces in whichthe toggle arms work, and thence through the recesses in which thecutting-arms are, and out between them and the sides of the recessesandaround their lower ends through IIO IIS

the water-passages 13 to -the outside of the drill, where the cutting isbeingdone, and thus cools the diamonds and cutting-bars and carries awaythe detritus. After the hole has beensufticiently enlarged the forcingof the water through the rod is stopped, the weight of the parts againcauses them to assume the relative position shown in Fig. 2, and thedrill can then'be withdrawn from the hole. If the hole be a horizontalone or inclined upwardly from the machine, then the impingement of .thecutting-arms J against the sides of the hole will force them into theirrecesses, so that the drill can be easilyintroduced into the-hole.

If desired, the hole through the piston-head G may be squared, and thatportion of the piston which works through it also squared. This willsecure the revolution of the drill when the piston-rod is revolved, andwill dispense with the square part D of the piston-rod and the pieceF,`through which is the square hole for D; but thedifculty of packing asquare pistonrod makes this undesirable. Also,if preferred,

' thel revolution of the drill.

thelowerextended end of the piston (shown at f 11) may be squared, asbefore stated, and it,

fitting into its square recess, will also effect p This may be the bestmethod for small drills, and avoids the necessity for the squared.portion D.

lf the expansion-drill be other than a diamond drill, so that thepresence of water is not necessary at the place of the cutting, thenthere will be no necessity for the water-ways 16, nor for any waterbelow the piston; but even in such drills I prefer to have the waterpass, so as to keep the drill clean and to moisten and `soften the earthor soft rock, and also,l to carry away the detritus.

My drills may be used with compressed air or steam as well as water, andmy invention is applicable also to thread-cuttin g devices, the cuttersbeing placed on the cutting-arms.

I claim as newi V Y 1. The combination, in an expansion-drill, of adrill-rod, a piston-rod part of which is not cylindrical, and which partworks through a corresponding and rigid part of the drill, thepiston-rod also working through a cylindrical head within the drill, apiston attached to the piston-rod,which piston works through a partfofthe drill as its cylinder, thesaid drillrod and piston having awater-passage through them down `to the upper side of .the piston,

which there discharges between the piston and the cylinder-head,toggle-arms pivoted to the piston-rod at one end and to the cuttingbarsat the other end, the cutting-bars themselves pivoted at one end to thetoggle-arms and at the other end to the drill, and recesses in the drillfor the reception of the cutting-bars, all combined substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

2. The combination, in an expansion-drill, of a drill-rod, a piston-roda part of which is which there discharges between the piston and. l

the cylinder-head, a water-passage around the piston at the farther endof the stroke to allow the water to pass beyond the piston, togglearmspivoted to the piston-rod at one end and to the cutting-bars at theother end, the cutting-bars themselves `pivoted at one end to thetoggle-arms and at the other end to the drill, recesses in the drill forthe reception of the cutting-bars, and water-passages, so that the watercan ow from below the piston to the cutting-faces of the cutting-bars,all combined substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The combination, in an expansion-drill, of a hollow piston-rod, withopenings from the outside to the inside of the piston-rod just abo'vethe piston and between it and the cylinder-head, and a pistoni'astenedto it, and workin g in a suitable cylinder within the drill,the lower-end ofthe piston-rod being connected with mechanism wherebycutting-bars may be projected and retracted from the face of the drill,all combined substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination, in an expansion-drill, of a piston-rod and pistonmoving` within the drill, toggle-arms attached to the piston-rod Eis atone end and to cutting-bars at the other end, and the cutting-barsthemselves attached at one end to the toggle-arms and at the other tothe drill. Y

5. The combination, in an expansion-drill, of a `rod and toggle-armsattached to the rod at oneend and to cutting-bars at the other end, sothat when the cutting-bars are in `use the toggle-arms shall lie atsubstantially right an gies to the rod, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

6.The combination, in an expansion-drill, of arhollow piston-rod, withopenings from the out-side to the inside of the piston-rod between athepiston and the cylinder-head, a piston l'astened to the piston-rodandworking :in a suit- ,able cylinder within the drill, a water-passagearound the piston'at the farther end of the stroke, the piston-rodbeing. connected with mechanism whereby cutting-bars .may be projectedand retracted from the face of the drill, and water-passages from thespace below the piston to the cutting-face of the cutting-arms,substantiall y as and for the purposes set forth.

SAMUEL W. DOUG'LASS. Witnesses:

J oHNv J CALDWELL, JOHN H. IvEs.

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